Advanced Virtual Mentoring of Dentists in Oral Cancer Screening and Tobacco Cessation - An Interventional Study

Context: Oral cancer is the third common cancer in India. Its mortality can be reduced through early detection and tobacco cessation ideally by dentists owing to their forte of work. Aim: This study was conducted to discuss effectiveness of an advanced tele?mentoring programme in oral cancer screening and tobacco cessation for dentists across India. Settings and Design: Online, interventional study. Methods and Material: The 14?week long training programme with 52 participants/spokes from across India had weekly hour?long online sessions comprising of an expert?led didactic and case discussions by spokes. Online evaluation (pre? and post?training, post?session), weekly and post?one?year feedback were conducted. Successful spokes attended a hands?on workshop subsequently. Statistical Analysis Used: One and independent sample t?tests determined the significance of the evaluation scores of the participants. Findings on attitudes and practice?related questions are presented as simple percentages. Results: A notable increase in the overall and per?session mean knowledge score, and confidence in oral cancer screening was observed. Many participants started these services at their clinics, thereby reducing further referrals, and were also motivated to spread community awareness about the same. Conclusion: This tele?mentoring programme, based on the novel Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes model, is the first oral cancer screening training programme for dentists. This model—comprising of expert didacts, case discussions, and significant spoke?expert interaction—is a promising best?practices tool for reducing the disparity in knowledge and skills regarding oral cancer prevention among dentists across different locations. This would enable these most appropriate healthcare providers to contribute toward the overall goal of oral cancer prevention

Uso do Braile na Educação em Saúde Bucal Para Deficientes Visuais ­ Revisão Sistemática e Meta-Análise / Use of Braile in Oral Health Education for the Visually Impaired Person ­ Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objetivo: Avaliar o uso do braile, de forma isolada ou conjunta, como método de educação em saúde bucal para pacientes com deficiência visual. Métodos:Uma estratégia de busca foi realizada em 6 bases de dados e na literatura cinzenta resgatando os estudos publicados até fevereiro de 2021. Seguindo o acrônimo PICOS, foram considerados elegíveis estudos clínicos controlados e randomizados (S) que avaliassem pessoas com deficiência visual (P), que receberam instrução de higiene oral com métodos educativos contendo braile de forma isolada ou conjunta (I), comparados a métodos educativos sem braile (C), e avaliaram sua influência em índices de higiene oral (O). O risco de viés dos estudos considerados elegíveis foi avaliado através da ferramenta ROB.2 e meta analises foram realizadas para comparar os diferentes métodos em relação ao índice gengival e de placa. A certeza da evidência foi avaliada (GRADE). Resultados: No total, 9 artigos foram incluídos na presente revisão e 5 na meta análise. Todos os estudos foram classificados como 'alguma preocupação' em relação ao risco de viés. O braile, quando utilizado de forma isolada, mostra-se inferior aos demais métodos (p<0,05); quando usado associado ao áudio ou áudio tátil performance (ATP) mostra-se semelhante ao ATP (p>0,05), e quando implementado juntamente com o ATP, mostra-se superior a técnicas sem braile (p<0,05). A certeza da evidência variou de muito baixa a moderada. Conclusão: O braile utilizado de forma isolada apresentou-se menos eficiente, enquanto métodos multissensoriais, incluindo o braile e ATP, são mais eficientes quando comparados a métodos de educação em saúde bucal sem braile.

Objective: To evaluate the use of Braille, alone or combined, as a method of oral health education for patients with visual impairment. Methods: A search strategy was performed in 6 databases and gray literature, and studies published until February 2021 were retrieved. Following the acronym PICOS, randomized controlled clinical trials (S) that evaluated people with visual impairment (P) who received oral hygiene instruction with educational methods containing braille alone or combined (I) compared to educational met hods without Braille (C) and evaluated its influence on oral hygiene indices (O) were considered eligible. The risk of bias of studies considered eligiblew was assessed using the ROB.2 tool and meta-analyses were performed to compare the different methods in relation to plaque and gingival index. The certainty of the evidence was assessed (GRADE). Results: Nine articles were included in this review and five in the meta-analysis. All studies were classified as 'some concern' regarding the risk of bias. Braille, when used isolated, is inferior to other methods (p<0,05); when used in association with audio or audio-tactile-performance (ATP) it is similar to ATP (p>0,05), and when implemented together with ATP, it is superior to techniques without Braille (p<0,05). The certainty of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Conclusion: Multisensory methods including Braille and ATP are more efficient, while Braille used alone is less efficient, when both are compared to oral health education methods without Braille.

Effect of oral health intervention program on the self oral care of children attending childcare facilities: a quasi-experimental study

This study aimed to conduct a quasi-experimental study for assessing the effects of an oral health intervention program (OHIP), on the self-management of oral health in children attending childcare centers. The participants recruited were 83 children from two childcare centers, who were allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the OHIP. At baseline, a self-reported survey of parents was conducted. In addition, the oral status of the children at baseline and at 5 weeks was evaluated. Their brushing behavior was assessed once a week and every day during the OHIP intervention period and at home, respectively. After the follow-up at 12 weeks, dental plaque index (PI) was measured and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was performed. The PI of the intervention group significantly decreased at week 5, compared to the baseline (1.90 ± 0.53, p < 0.001). Despite a substantial increase in week 12 (2.67 ± 0.08, p < 0.001), the PI was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.37 ± 0.60). The OHIP was effective in reducing the PI and modifying the brushing behavior among children. It is necessary to develop and expand a systematic oral health education program to promote self-management of oral health in children.

Student profile of a brazilian public Dental school / O perfil do aluno de uma faculdade de Odontologia pública brasileira

Objetive: The aim of this study was to assess the profile of dental students at the ICT/CSJC-UNESP School of Dentistry and their preferred studying style. Material and methods: Data on age, sex, place of residence, first-choice course, secondary education background and study method preference were collected from an online questionnaire given in the second year dental materials course (first class) of the day and evening courses of the years 2016 to 2019. All data were tabulated and submitted to one-way ANOVA and to t test, both with α= 0.05. Pearson correlation test was performed between demographic data and study method preference (α = 0.05). Results: Most of the students were women living in São José dos Campos city who had chosen Dentistry as their first-choice course. Many were originally from other cities and lived in shared accommodation with friends. The majority stated that private high school was their main educational background. The students' age and place of living showed to correlate with study method preference. Conclusion: Although ICT/CSJC-UNESP students were from millennial and post-millennial generations, students with public secondary education preferred studying alone, while those from private education preferred studying in group (AU).

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi o de assessar o perfil de alunos do curso de Odontologia do ICT/CSJC-UNESP e seu método de estudo de preferência. Material e Métodos: Dados de idade, sexo, local de residência, primeira escolha de curso, formação escolar prévia e método de estudo de preferência foram coletados a partir de um questionário online aplicado no primeiro dia de aula aos alunos do segundo ano na disciplina de materiais odontológicos dos cursos integral e noturno entre 2016 e 2019. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos a ANOVA um fator e ao teste t, ambos com α = 0,05. O teste de correlação de Pearson foi realizado para os dados demográficos e métodos de estudo de preferência (α= 0,05). Resultados: A maioria dos estudantes eram mulheres que moravam em São José dos Campos, quem tinham a Odontologia como a primeira escolha de curso. Muitos eram originariamente de outras cidades e compartilhavam moradia com amigos. A maioria relatou ter a escola particular como maior parte no ensino fundamental e médio. A idade do aluno e o local de residência mostraram estar correlacionadas ao método de estudo de preferência. Conclusão: Embora os estudantes do ICT/CSJC-UNESP sejam da geração "millennial" e "pós-millennial", aqueles com formação em escola secundária pública preferiram estudar sozinhos, enquanto que aqueles com formação em escola particular preferiram estudar em grupo (AU).

Prevalência de consulta odontológica e fatores associados à sua realização durante o pré-natal: estudo transversal com puérperas em hospitais do Sistema Único de Saúde, Santa Catarina, 2019 / Consulta odontológica y factores asociados durante la atención prenatal: estudio transversal con puérperas en hospitales del Sistema Único de Salud, Santa Catarina, Brasil, 2019 / Prevalence of dental visits and its associated factors during prenatal care: a cross-sectional study with puerperal women in hospitals covered by the Brazilian National Health System, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 2019

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de consulta odontológica e fatores associados a sua realização durante o pré-natal. Métodos: Estudo transversal, baseado em entrevistas com puérperas em 31 hospitais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de Santa Catarina, Brasil, 2019. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e relacionados ao pré-natal. Foram realizadas análises multivariadas, mediante regressão logística, para calcular razões de chances (odds ratio, OR). Resultados: Foram incluídas 3.580 puérperas e 41,4% (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] 39,7;43,0%) realizaram consulta odontológica durante o pré-natal. Maior chance de consulta odontológica foi observada com maior escolaridade (OR=1,35 - IC95% 1,06;1,71) e maior número de consultas médicas/de enfermagem (OR=1,97 - IC95% 1,47;2,65); diminuiu essa chance não ter trabalho remunerado (OR=0,82 - IC95% 0,70;0,96) e não participar de atividade educativa no SUS (OR=0,63 - IC95% 0,52;0,77). Conclusão: Fatores relacionados a escolaridade, emprego, consultas de pré-natal e atividades educativas aumentaram a chance da consulta odontológica na gravidez em Santa Catarina.

Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la consulta odontológica durante la atención prenatal. Métodos: Estudio transversal a partir de entrevistas a puérperas de 31 hospitales del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) de Santa Catarina, Brasil, 2019. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos, económicos y prenatales. Se realizaron análisis multivariados mediante regresión logística para calcular las razones de probabilidades (OR, razón de probabilidades). Resultados: Se incluyeron 3.580 puérperas y el 41,4% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%] 39,7;43,0%) se sometió a consultas dentales durante la atención prenatal. Se observó una mayor probabilidad de consulta a mayor escolaridad (OR=1,35 - IC95% 1,06;1,71) y un mayor número de consultas médicas/de enfermería (OR=1,97 - IC95% 1,47;2,65); disminuyó la probabilidad el no tener trabajo remunerado (OR=0,82 - IC95% 0,70;0,96) y no participar en una actividad educativa en el SUS (OR=0,63 - IC95% 0,52;0,77). Conclusión: Los factores relacionados con la educación, el empleo, las consultas prenatales y las actividades educativas aumentaron la posibilidad de consultas dentales durante el embarazo en Santa Catarina.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of dental visits and its associated factors during prenatal care. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on interviews conducted with puerperal women in 31 hospitals covered by the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) in Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2019. Sociodemographic, economic and prenatal-related data were collected. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR). Results: 3,580 puerperal women and 41.4% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 39.7;43%) underwent dental visits during prenatal care. Higher chance of dental visits was associated with higher education level (OR=1.35 - 95%CI 1.06;1.71) and a higher number of medical/nursing consultations (OR= 1.97 - 95%CI 1.47;2.65); this chance decreased when the puerperal women did not have paid work (OR=0.82 - 95%CI 0.70;0.96) and did not take part in education activities offered by the SUS (OR=0.63 - 95%CI 0.52;0.77). Conclusion: Factors related to schooling, employment, prenatal care and education activities increased the chance of dental visits during pregnancy in Santa Catarina State.

Salud bucodental para comunidades vulnerables y desplazadas de Popayán que viven en condiciones de pobreza / Dental health for Popayán´s vulnerable and displaced communities that live in poverty conditions

Introducción: En el Municipio de Popayán, departamento del Cauca, Colombia, hay más de 23 asentamientos, donde viven cerca de 4 mil personas desplazadas en condición de vulnerabilidad y pobreza, quienes, en su mayoría, no están protegidos por el del sistema de salud y carecen de atención odontológica. Objetivo: Aplicar los conocimientos sobre salud oral adquiridos en la carrera de odontología, para mejorar la salud bucodental en comunidades vulnerables y desplazadas que viven en condiciones de pobreza en Popayán, Cauca, Colombia. Método: Estudio cualitativo, tipo investigación acción. La población beneficiada se conformó por 1515 personas, a las que se le aplicaron procedimientos educativos, preventivos, curativos y restaurativos, durante 5 años. Resultados: La población más beneficiada fue la vulnerable; los más atendidos fueron: en cuanto a género. el femenino; rango de edad, niños entre 3 y 8 años y adultos, de 36 y más años. El procedimiento odontológico que más se realizó en niños fue la profilaxis dental y en adultos el raspaje supragingival. Conclusiones: Aplicar el currículo de la carrera de Odontología centrado en la promoción de salud y en el aprendizaje contextualizado a partir de su aplicación en virtud del desarrollo de la comunidad, lo convierte en un currículo con mayor compromiso social. Y la comunidad que recibe los beneficios se convierte en ente activo de los procesos de promoción de salud oral. La población vulnerable y la desplazada manifiestan receptividad ante los tratamientos clínicos orales que se le ofrecen(AU)

Introduction: In the municipality of Popayán, department of Cauca, Colombia, there are more than 23 settlements, where nearly 4000 displaced people live in conditions of vulnerability and poverty, most of whom are outside the health system and lack of dental care. Objective: To apply the knowledge on oral health according to the level of academic complexity acquired during Odontology major to improve dental health of vulnerable and displaced communities living in poverty conditions in Popayán, Cauca, Colombia. Methods: Qualitative study, research-action type. The beneficiary population was formed by 1,515 people who underwent educational, preventive, curative and restorative procedures during five years. Results: The most favored population was the vulnerable one; the most attended were: female gender; children in ages from 3 to 8 years old, and adults of 36 years old and over. The dental procedure that was carried out the most in children was dental prophylaxis, and supragingival scaling in adults. Conclusions: The appliance of Odontology major´s curriculum focused in health promotion and in the contextualized learning from its use towards the development of the community makes it an entity with bigger social commitment. The community that receives the benefits becomes an active body in the processes of dental health promotion. Vulnerable and displaced populations show receptiveness to the oral clinical treatments offered to them(AU)

Effectiveness of school dental health education on the oral health status and knowledge of children: A systematic review

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of school dental health education on the oral health status, oral health-related knowledge, and practice behavior of 6–12-year-old children. Methods: Hand search and electronic search based on the keywords on school dental health education in seven search engines till 2017 identified 7434 articles. Trials involving school-based dental health education with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months were screened. Risk of bias assessment was done independently by two authors. Results: Among the 18 articles which fulfilled the eligibility criteria, six were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 12 were non-RCTs. Quality assessment showed that 12 trials had a low risk of bias. Oral health-related knowledge improved in children. Oral health-related practice behaviors such as frequency and duration of brushing improved. Use of fluoridated toothpaste was increased. Plaque scores and gingival bleeding scores reduced. Conclusion: School dental health education had a positive impact on the oral health status, knowledge, and practice behavior of children. There is a definite need for high-quality RCTs analyzing the effectiveness of school dental health education on specific oral health outcomes.

A peer-led dental education program for modifying oral self-care in Mexican children / Un programa de educación para la salud guiado por pares dirigido al autocuidado bucal en niños mexicanos

Abstract: Objective: To compare peer-led dental education (PLDE) versus conventional dental instruction (CDI) in modifying children's oral self-care. Materials and methods: The intervention group (two schools) received PLDE and the control group (two schools) received CDI. The quality of oral self-care practice (OSC-P) and oral self-care skills (OSC-S) were indicated by dental plaque levels (%) and compared before and after dental education. Results: There were no baseline OSC-P differences between the control (55.8 ± 12.8%) and intervention (55.5 ± 14.6%) groups or OSC-S differences between the intervention (38.5 ± 13.2%) and control (38.1 ± 12.5%) groups. At the three-month follow-up we observed OSC-P deterioration in the control group (63.2 ± 15.0%) and OSC-P improvement in the intervention group (52.2 ± 15.6%). The OSC-P/OSC-S regression models found these predictors: baseline oral self-care, group affiliation, and mother's education (p<0.05). Conclusion: The hypothesis was confirmed and significant predictors were baseline oral self-care levels, group affiliation, and mother's education.

Resumen: Objetivo: Comparar un programa educativo guiado por pares (PEGP) versus un programa basado en educación convencional (EC) dirigido al autocuidado bucal en niños. Material y métodos: El grupo de intervención recibió un PEGP y el grupo control recibió EC. La calidad de prácticas de autocuidado (OSC-P) y habilidades de autocuidado (OSC-S) fueron indicadas por los niveles de placa dental (5) y comparadas antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias en los datos de línea base del OSC-P entre el grupo control (55.8 ± 12.8%) y el de intervención (55.5 ± 14.6%) o en el OSC-S entre el grupo de intervención (38.5± 13.2%) y el control (38.1 ± 12.5%). En el seguimiento a tres meses, se observó un deterioro en las OSC-P en el grupo control (63.2 ± 15.0%) y un mejoramiento en las OSC-P en el grupo de intervención (52.2 ± 15.6%). Los modelos de regresión lineal para las OSC-P/OSC-S encontraron como significativos los siguientes predictores: autocuidado bucal de línea base, el grupo de afiliación y la educación materna (p<0.05). Conclusión: La hipótesis fue confirmada y los predictores significativos fueron los niveles de autocuidado bucal de línea base, el grupo de afiliación y la educación materna.

Association between the management of oral health and experience of oral health education and an investigation of influential factors of the PHP index in university students / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine the association between the management of oral health and experiences of oral health education and to investigate the influential factors of the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index in an area's university students. In addition, we explored the factors that influence the PHP index and how to effectively promote oral health. METHODS: All collected data were analyzed using the χ2 test, the t-test, and multiple regression using SPSS version 23.0 for Microsoft Windows. The statistical significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: The total age of 380 participants ranged from 18 to 39 years (mean 22.22±2.43). No significant differences were found in oral health status and experiences of oral health education. CONCLUSIONS: Active national-based policies to develop regular and systematic national oral health education programs are needed.

Efectividad de un programa educativo en mujeres adolescentes con gingivitis / Effectiveness of an educational program in adolescent women with gingivitis

Se efectuó una intervención educativa en 30 mujeres adolescentes de 14 a 16 años de edad, que padecían gingivitis y fueron atendidas en el Centro de Salud de la Parroquia de Conocoto, en Quito, Ecuador, de julio a octubre del 2016, a fin de evaluar la efectividad de un programa educativo sobre la enfermedad en féminas de este grupo etario. Para ello se aplicaron una encuesta, un indicador de salud bucal y el índice de higiene bucal simplificado, antes y después de la intervención. Luego de realizadas las acciones educativas, la mayoría de las participantes presentó un nivel de conocimientos elevado (83,3 por ciento), con una leve relación entre dicho nivel y la salud periodontal, pues se logró mejoría en ellas al reducir la placa dentobacteriana y el grado de la gingivitis. Se obtuvo un efecto positivo en la salud bucal de las adolescentes, lo cual mostró la importancia de combinar la información con los tratamientos preventivos

An educational intervention in 30 adolescent women aged 14 to 16 that suffered from gingivitis was carried out. They were assisted in the Health Center of Conocoto Parish, in Quito, Ecuador, from July to October, 2016, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program about the disease in females of this age group. For this purpose, a survey, an oral health indicator and the simplified index of oral hygiene were implemented, before and after the intervention. After the educational actions, most of the participants presented a high level of knowledge (83.3 percent), with a light relationship between this level and the periodontal health, because an improvement was achieved in them when reducing the dental plaque and degree of gingivitis. A positive effect in the oral health of the adolescents was obtained, which showed the importance of combining the information with the preventive treatments

Oral Health Promotion among Rural School Children through Teachers: An Interventional Study.

Background: The lack of national oral health policy and organized school dental health programs in the country call for affordable, accessible, and sustainable strategies. Objectives: The objective was to compare the oral hygiene, plaque, gingival, and dental caries status among rural children receiving dental health education by qualifi ed dentists and school teachers with and without supply of oral hygiene aids. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted among 15-year-old children selected randomly from four schools in Nalgonda district between September 2009 and February 2010. Schools were divided into four different intervention groups. The intervention groups varied in the form of intervention provider and frequency of intervention one of which being the control group. The oral hygiene, plaque, gingival, and dental caries status was assessed at baseline and 6 months following the intervention. SPSS 16 was used for analysis. Results: The preintervention and postintervention comparison within each group revealed a substantial reduction in mean oral hygiene index-simplifi ed (OHI-S), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) at postintervention compared to baseline in group 4 (1.26, 0.87, and 0.74, respectively) followed by group 3 (0.14, 0.37, and 0.12, respectively). The OHI-S, PI, and GI scores increased in group 1 (0.66, 0.37, and 0.34, respectively) and group 2 (0.25, 0.19, and 0.14, respectively). Mean decayed, missing fi lled surfaces score between the groups was not statistically signifi cant at baseline and postintervention. Conclusion: The dramatic reductions in the OHI-S, PI, and GI scores in the group supplied with oral hygiene aids call for supplying low cost fl uoridated toothpastes along with toothbrushes through the school systems in rural areas.

Efetividade de website de educação em saúde bucal para adolescentes / Effectiveness of an educational website on oral health for adolescents / La efectividad de website de educación en la salud bucal de adolescentes

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de um website desenvolvido como ferramenta de educação em saúde bucal para adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo experimental realizado no município de Belém-PA, no período entre agosto e novembro de 2012, com amostra composta por 160 adolescentes na faixa etária de 11 a 15 anos, de escola pública e particular. Formaramse dois grupos, sendo um experimental com participação em atividade educativa e acesso a um website de informações sobre saúde bucal para adolescentes; e o controle com palestras contendo a mesma temática. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários autoadministrados e, depois da ação educativa, foram verificados a partir de Teste Quiquadrado, Análise de Variância e Teste de Tukey. Resultados: Observou-se que os escolares, de ambos os grupos, após as atividades educativas, obtiveram um bom conhecimento acerca das questões sobre cárie e etiologia do câncer bucal, tendo os escolares do grupo experimental apresentado melhor desempenho sobre esses temas. A maioria (n=122; 76,25%) dos escolares participantes da pesquisa nunca havia realizado o autoexame bucal e não possuía conhecimento adequado sobre doença periodontal. Conclusão: Os dois métodos educativos fizeram com que houvesse uma mudança nos conhecimentos adquiridos pelos adolescentes, o que se reflete na quantidade de respostas acertadas por eles. Porém, como pode ser constatado, o grupo experimental obteve melhor desempenho após o acesso ao website, mostrando sua real efetividade.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a website developed as an educational tool on oral health for adolescents. Methods: Experimental study developed in the city of Belem, Para, in the period between August and November 2012, with sample consisting of 160 adolescents ranging from 11 to 15 years old, attending public or private schools. Two groups were formed, the intervention one, with participation in educational activity and access to a website with information on oral health for adolescents; and the control group, with talks on the same topic. Data was collected using two self-administered questionnaires and, after the educational intervention, were assessed using Chi-square test, Analysis of Variance and Tukey?s test. Results: After the educational activities, students from both groups presented good knowledge about issues related to dental caries and etiology of oral cancer, having the experimental group presented a better performance on these topics. Most of the students (n=122; 76.25%) participants in this survey had never held the oral self-examination and did not have adequate knowledge about periodontal disease. Conclusion: Both educational method led to a change in the knowledge acquired by the adolescents, which was reflected in the number of correct answers they gave. As it can be seen, however, the intervention group attained better performance after access to the website, showing its effectiveness.

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un website desarrollado como herramienta de educación en salud bucal de adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio experimental realizado en el municipio de Belém-PA, entre agosto y noviembre de 2012, con una muestra de 160 adolescentes entre los 11 y 15 años, de escuela pública y privada. Dos grupos, siendo uno experimental con participación en actividad educativa y acceso a um website de informaciones sobre la salud bucal de adolescentes; y el grupo control com ponencias de la misma temática. Fueron recogidos datos a través de cuestionarios auto-administrados tras la acción educativa. Los mismos fueron analizados con la prueba del Chi-cuadrado, Análisis de la Varianza y la Prueba de Tukey. Resultados: Se observó que los escolares de ambos los grupos tenían un buen conocimiento sobre caries y etiología del cáncer bucal tras las actividades educativas, siendo el grupo experimental el que presento mejor desempeño sobre estos temas. La mayoría (n=122; 76,25%) de los escolares participantes de la investigación nunca habian realizado el autoexamen bucal y no tenían el conocimiento adecuado sobre enfermedad periodontal. Conclusión: Los dos métodos educativos generaron cambios en los conocimientos adquiridos de los adolescentes lo que se refleja en la cantidad de respuestas correctas de su parte. Sin embargo, como se pudo ver, el grupo experimental tuvo mejor desempeño tras el acceso al website, señalando su real efectividad.

Qualidade e tendências metodológicas dos ensaios comunitários de educação em saúde bucal / Quality and methodological trends for community-based oral health education trials

Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade dos periódicos e a tendência metodológica dos ensaios comunitários de educação em saúde bucal para a redução e, ou controle da cárie dentária. Método: Estratégia de busca - Buscou-se estudos controlados do tipo ensaios comunitários, clínicos randomizados e, ou quasi randomizados através do MEDLINE, LILACS, ADOLEC, BBO, PubMed, Pico, COCHRANE, BDTD, Scielo, Knowledge Finder, Busca Manual e Literatura Cinza. A data de publicação se restringiu ao período de 1997 a 2010, sendo incluídos artigos em inglês, português e espanhol. Critério de seleção - Ensaios controlados cujas intervenções fossem de educação em saúde. Extração de dados e análise - Utilizando fichas de coleta padrão, dois revisores, de modo independente avaliaram os critérios de qualidade nos artigos selecionados através de uma escala específica para essa área do conhecimento. Resultados: dos 317 estudos localizados inicialmente, 27 foram incluídos. O fator de impacto das revistas onde 81,4% dos trabalhos foi publicado esteve entre 2.462 e 0.961. O erro tipo Beta foi considerado em 9 (36,0%) artigos, a randomização foi considerada adequada em 16 (59,0%) publicações. Em virtude da natureza dessa intervenção o cegamento triplo foi difícil de ser obtido, a soma de uni, duplo e triplo totalizou 13 (48,0%) adoções. Conclusão: Os melhores ensaios comunitários de educação em saúde bucal estiveram presentes em revistas com alto fator de impacto para Odontologia, o que reforça o poder dos mesmos. Os estudos apresentaram uma relativa variedade metodológica, demonstrando a necessidade de mais rigor no delineamento dos mesmos a fim de não sejam abertos espaços para vieses que possam comprometer seus resultados.

Objective: To assess the quality of dental journals and the methodological trends for community-based oral health education trials for reduction and/or control of dental caries. Method: Search strategy - Community-based, randomized clinical and/or quasi randomized trials were retrieve from MEDLINE, LILACS, ADOLEC, BBO, PubMed, Pico, COCHRANE, BDTD, SciELO, Knowledge Finder, Manual Search, and Gray Literature databases. Publication date bracket covered the period between 1997 and 2010 and only papers in written in English, Portuguese or Spanish were included. Selection criterion - Only controlled trials whose aims were primarily on oral health education were reviewed. Data Collection and Analysis - Using standard collection forms, two independent examiners assessed the quality criteria in the selected papers using a scale specific to this area of knowledge. Results: Out of the 317 pre-selected studies, 27 were included in the study. The impact factor of the journals in which 81.4% of the papers were published was between 0.961 and 2.462. The Beta-type error was found in 9 (36%) papers. Randomization was considered adequate in 16 (59%) papers. Due the nature of the intervention, a triple-blind approach was difficult to obtain and the sum of single-blind, doubleblind and triple-blind studies totalized 13 (48%). Conclusions: The best community-based oral health education trials were published in journals with a high impact factor for Dentistry, which reinforces their relevance. The methodological variation of the trials points out to the need of more scientific rigor on study design in order to avoid biases that could compromise their results.

Pró-Saúde e os quarenta anos de integração docente-assistencial da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba - Unicamp / The Educational Program for Health Work (Pró-Saúde) and 40 years of integration between Medical Education and Healthcare at the Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas

Para formar recursos humanos adequadamente preparados para trabalhar no SUS, é importante uma mudança qualitativa no ensino de graduação. Identificada com esses pressupostos, a FOP vem-se empenhado em construir um novo modelo de ensino voltado a atender às demandas de formação. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a experiência da FOP na integração docente-assistencial. No primeiro ano da graduação, os alunos têm contato com a Atenção Básica e Secundária por meio de visitas guiadas. No segundo ano, prioriza-se as formas de promoção e prevenção das principais doenças em Odontologia e, no terceiro ano, são abordados temas de saúde coletiva. No último ano do curso, os alunos fazem seu estágio supervisionado em uma das seis USFs. Essa experiência é realizada em 64 horas divididas nos dois semestres. O programa é desenvolvido de forma integral (8 horas/dia) em quatro dias consecutivos em uma mesma semana. Pode-se concluir que essa atividade possibilita a experiência de praticar os conhecimentos auxiliando significativamente na formação profissional, na dinâmica do trabalho, na interação com a pós-graduação, além da quebra de preconceitos relativos ao serviço.

A qualitative change in undergraduate education is important for adequately training human resources to work in the Unified National Health System. Based on this premise, the Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, has focused on developing a teaching model to meet such training requirements. This article aims to present the experience at the School of Dentistry in integration teaching and patient care. During their first year of undergraduate training, students have contact with primary and secondary care through guided visits. The second year prioritizes health promotion and the prevention of the principal oral and dental problems encountered in dentistry, while the third year focuses on public health issues. In the last year of the course, students participate in a supervised internship in one of the six Family Health Units. This experience covers 64 hours, divided into two semesters. The program is full-time (8 hours/day) on four consecutive days in a single week. The activity allows the experience of practicing knowledge, significantly improving the students' professional training in the work dynamics and interaction with graduate studies, in addition to challenging preconceived ideas about the health services.

Effects of Mothers Involved in Dental Health Program for Their Children

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of mothers' involvement in a dental health program for their elementary school children. METHODS: This study was a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design in which knowledge and behaviors related to dental health, perceived benefits and barriers, self-efficacy and plaque control scores were compared between the experimental group (n=26) for whom the dental health program included the direct involvement of the mothers, and the control group (n=24) for whom knowledge related to dental health was provided through brochures. RESULTS: Scores for the experimental group in which the mothers were involved in the dental health program were significantly higher for knowledge, behaviors in dental health, self-efficacy and plaque control compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that mothers involvement in the dental health program is effective in reinforcing dental health enhancing behavior in elementary school children.

Avaliação do procedimento coletivo na prevenção da cárie em localidade com água fluoretada / Evaluation of a public oral health educational and mouth rinse program for the prevention of caries in an area using fluoridated water

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the collective procedures (CPs = oral health educational and preventive annual programs developed in public schools by the public health system) for preventing dental caries.Methods: To compare the experiences of caries in adolescents aged 15 to 19 (n = 213), in the 9th grade of public schools, whether or not they were participants in the collective procedure when children. The data was obtained in 2005 in a cross-sectional study conducted in Embu, in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, which has been conducting collective procedures since 1992 and has had its water fluoridated since 1983. Groups: A - those who had received the collective procedure in elementary school from 1st to 4th grade; B - those who had received them from 1st to 8th grade and C - those who had not received the collective procedure. Oral examinations and interviews were conducted. The experiences of caries were evaluated by DMFT, used as a dependent variable, with the definition of two outcomes: DMFT?1 or DMFT?4. Other variables, such as socioeconomic levels, oral hygiene habits and dietary patterns were part of the bivariate analysis and multiple regression models. Results: The DMFT of the sample was 2.49 (95% CI; 2.10-2.88). There was a difference between the means of groups B (3.1) and C (2.0) (p=0027). The percentage of those caries-free (DMFT = 0) was lower in group B (p=0007). Conclusions: The DMFT of the participants of the collective procedures was no lower than with those who did not participate so, in this context, collective procedures were not effective in causing a favorable impact on future generations.

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do procedimento coletivo em saúde bucal na prevenção da cárie dentária. Métodos: Compara-se o grau da experiência de cárie em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos (n=213), do 1o ano do ensino médio, egressos de escolas públicas, participantes ou não dos procedimentos coletivos em saúde bucal, quando crianças. Os dados foram obtidos em 2005, em estudo transversal realizado no município de Embu, região metropolitana de São Paulo, que realiza procedimento coletivo em saúde bucal desde 1992 e cuja água é fluoretada desde 1983. A população de estudo foi dividida em três grupos: os que participaram dos procedimentos coletivos em saúde bucal da 1a à 4ª série (A), da 1a à 8ª série (B) e os que não participaram (C). Foram realizados exames bucais e entrevistas. A experiência de cárie foi avaliada pelo índice CPOD, empregado como variável dependente, definindo-se dois desfechos: CPOD?1; CPOD?4. Variáveis socioeconômicas, de hábitos de higiene bucal e de padrões dietéticos compuseram modelos de análise bivariada e de regressão múltipla. Resultados: O CPOD médio da amostra foi 2,49 (IC95%: 2,10-2,88). Houve diferença entre as médias de CPOD dos grupos B (3,1) e C (2,0) (p=0,027). A porcentagem de livres de cárie (CPOD=0) foi menor no grupo B (p=0,007). Sexo feminino e alta frequência de ingestão de açúcares na adolescência estiveram associados com valores maiores de CPOD, mesmo após 8 anos de exposição aos procedimentos coletivos em saúde bucal. Conclusão: A média CPOD dos beneficiados não foi inferior à dos não beneficiados indicando que, neste contexto, os procedimentos coletivos em saúde bucal não foram efetivos para causar impacto favorável sobre experiência de cárie.

O desenvolvimento de competências em atenção básica à saúde: a experiência no projeto Huka-Katu / The development of competences on primary health care: experience in the Huka-Katu project

O artigo explora a possibilidade de integração no processo de aprendizagem à rede de serviços de saúde do subsistema de saúde indígena integrante do Sistema Único de Saúde e colabora com o processo de formação profissional na área da saúde. Enfatiza também que a concepção pedagógica e as metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem são temas importantes para o desenvolvimento das competências dos novos profissionais da saúde. Com isto, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, através da análise descritiva, o contexto em que se desenvolve o processo preparatório para o estágio optativo "Projeto Huka-Katu - a FORP-USP no Xingu", ressaltando os aspectos cognitivos presentes na proposição de ações voltadas para a atenção primária. Considera-se ainda que as competências requeridas para o trabalho do cirurgião-dentista na atenção básica à saúde se constituem em um suporte (base) para a construção do SUS, sendo que estas competências devem atender as necessidades de articulação da prática e da educação, em uma perspectiva do cuidado à saúde.

This article explores the possibility of integration in the learning process in health services network of the Native People Health Sub-system, an integrant part of the Brazilian Unified Health System. This leading role is present in several instances and stimulates changes in the health professional education. It also emphasizes that the pedagogical conception and the methodologies of the teaching-learning process are important themes for the development of competencies of new health professionals. The aim of this article is to present by means of a descriptive analysis, the context in which the preparatory process is developed for the optative stage "Huka-Katu project - FORP-USP in the Xingu" highlighting the development of cognitive aspects presented in the proposition of actions directed to the primary care. The required competencies for the practice of the surgeon dentist in the primary health care is the base for the construction of SUS, while these competencies should answer the needs for the articulation of practice and education in a perspective of health care.

Evaluation of an oral health program for children in early childhood / Avaliação de um programa de promoção de saúde bucal para crianças da primeira infância

Purpose: To evaluate an educative and oral health promotion program for children from three public daycare facilities in the city of João Pessoa (PB), in the Northeastern region of Brazil. Methods: Sample was composed of 219 children who were divided into four age groups: 0 to 12, 13 to 24, 25 to 36 and 37 to 48 months. All children were submitted to clinical exams and preventive procedures of hygiene and topical application of fluoride at 3-month intervals during 12 months. Mothers were given instructions of oral hygiene of their children. The dmft index and the presence of active white spots (AWS) were recorded. Results: Mean (SD) values of the initial and final dmft were 0.65 (1.3) and 0.72 (1.5), respectively (P<0.05). The initial and final numbers of AWS were 44 and 08, respectively. The absence of nocturnal hygiene was associated with AWS for children that received nocturnal breast-feeding. The most relevant variables for dental caries development were: age group, absence of nocturnal oral hygiene and nocturnal breast-feeding; for AWS only the absence of nocturnal oral hygiene was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: This oral health program showed to be effective in the maintenance of oral health. The most relevant risk factors for dental caries were absence of nocturnal oral hygiene and nocturnal breast-feeding.

Objetivo: Avaliar um programa de educação e promoção de saúde bucal em crianças de três creches públicas da cidade de João Pessoa, PB, Brasil. Metodologia: A amostra foi constituída de 219 crianças de 0 a 48 meses divididas em quatro grupos etários: 0 a 12; 13 a 24; 25 a 36 e 37 a 48 meses. As crianças foram submetidas a exames clínicos e procedimentos preventivos de higiene bucal e aplicação tópica de flúor em intervalos trimestrais durante 12 meses. As mães das crianças receberam instrução de higiene. Registraram-se os índices de ceo-d e presença de manchas brancas ativas (MBA). Resultados: As médias (desvio-padrão) do ceo-d inicial e final foram de 0,65 (1,3) e 0,72 (1,5) respectivamente (P<0,05). O número de MBAs inicial e final foi 44 e 08, respectivamente. A ausência de higiene noturna foi associada a MBA para crianças que tomavam mamadeira noturna. As variáveis relevantes para o surgimento de cárie foram a faixa etária, ausência de higiene noturna e amamentação noturna; para MBA somente a falta de higiene noturna foi significativa. Conclusão: O programa mostrou-se eficaz na manutenção da saúde bucal. Os fatores de risco mais relevantes para a cárie dentária foram falta de higiene e amamentação noturna.

Effectiveness of a school dental education program in improving oral health knowledge and oral hygiene practices and status of 12- to 13-year-old school children.

Background: Children with poor oral health are 12 times more likely to have restricted-activity days. Dental health education [DHE], with the objective of improving the oral hygiene of the participants, would have obvious merits. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of school DHE, conducted at repeated and differing intervals, in improving oral health knowledge, practices, oral hygiene status, and the gingival health of schoolchildren belonging to two socioeconomic classes. Materials and Methods: This 36-week duration study assessed the effectiveness of school DHE conducted every three weeks against every six weeks on oral health knowledge, practices, oral hygiene status and gingival health of 415, 12- to 13-year-old schoolchildren belonging to social classes I and V. Of the three selected schools of each social class, one each was subjected to the intervention of either three or six weeks or was a control, respectively. Oral health knowledge and practices were evaluated using a questionnaire. Oral hygiene and gingival health were assessed using plaque and gingival indices. Statistical Analysis Used: Friedman's test was used for the longitudinal analysis of data. ANOVA and Student's t test were used for continuous data. Results: Plaque and Gingival score reductions were highly significant in intervention schools, and were not influenced by the socioeconomic status. When oral health knowledge was evaluated, highly significant changes were seen in intervention schools; more significantly in schools receiving more frequent interventions. The socioeconomic status influenced the oral hygiene aids used and the frequency of change of toothbrush. Controls showed no significant changes throughout. Conclusions: The DHE program conducted at three-week intervals was more effective than that conducted at six-week intervals in improving oral health knowledge, practices, oral hygiene status, and gingival health of schoolchildren.

Conhecimento e atitudes sobre saúde e higiene bucal dos professores do ensino fundamental de Itapema - SC / Knowledge and the attitudes in relation to health and oral hygiene of primary education teachers at Itapema - SC

A escola é considerada um local adequado para o desenvolvimento de programas de saúde, que promovam uma efetiva parceria entre dentistas e professores do ensino fundamental e que estimulem a participação destes professores como multiplicadores de conhecimentos sobresaúde bucal. A possibilidade de implantar ações desta natureza motivou a proposta desta pesquisa, que teve por objetivo avaliar conhecimentos e atitudes de professores do ensino fundamental, em Itapema - SC, sobre saúde e higiene oral. Esta investigação se caracterizou como um estudodescritivo, através de levantamento de dados pela aplicação de um questionário. Para a determinação do nível de conhecimento dos professores, criaram-se categorias específicas, classificando-se oconhecimento em bom, regular e insatisfatório. Verificou-se que 54% dos participantes atuavam no ensino fundamental há sete ou mais anos, sendo que 80% deles já haviam participado de algum tipo de atualização e 91% dos sujeitos demonstraram interesse em participar de palestras e/ou cursos de atualização com profissionais da área odontológica. A maioria (94%) aborda em suas aulas temas sobre saúde e o tópico higiene foi citado como o mais freqüentemente abordado. Todos os professores consideraram importante a abordagem de conteúdos sobre saúde bucal e, fundamental a integração professor/cirurgião-dentista. A maioria (80%) dos participantes foi classificada como tendo nível insatisfatório de conhecimentos. Conclui-se que os professores mostraram atitudespositivas quanto à inserção de temas relacionados à saúde bucal em suas aulas, bem como mostraram interesse em aprimorar seus conhecimentos, contudo o nível de conhecimento deles éinsatisfatório. Reforça-se a necessidade de um melhor preparo dos profissionais da educação com o envolvimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas nesse processo.

The school is considered an appropriate place for the development of health programs that promote an effective partnership between dentists and professors of basic education and that involve the participation of teachers as multiplying agents of knowledge on oral health.The possibility of implanting actions of this type prompted this research proposal, which was to evaluate the knowledge and the attitudes of primary education teachers at Itapema - SC in relation to health and oral hygiene. This investigation is characterized as descriptive study, carried out by means of primary data collection, through the application of a questionnaire. To determine the interviewees level of knowledge, specific categories were created, classifying the subjects as good,regular or unsatisfactory knowledge. It was found 54% of the participants have been worked at elementary school for seven years or more, while 80% had participated in some kind of update and 91% of the teachers were concerned to participate in lectures and / or professional courses tolearn more about oral health. The majority (94%) talk about oral health and hygiene issue were the most cited. All the teachers consider important talk with their students about oral health and consider the integration teacher / dentistry imperative. The majority (80%) of participants wereclassified as having unsatisfactory level of knowledge. Based on the data analysis, it is affirmed that primary education teachers show positive attitudes about teaching oral heath subjects and try to improve their knowledge, however, their level of knowledge of health and oral hygieneis unsatisfactory. We emphasize the need for better preparation of the education professionals involving the dentist in this process.